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“Tajweed” or “Tajwid” is a very common term in the context of Quran recitation. It comes from the Arabic word (تَجْوِيدْ) which linguistically means enhancement or making something outstanding.
The correct view is that reading Qur'aan with the rules of tajweed is not obligatory; tajweed is only a means of making one's recitation more beautiful. If a person reads and pronounces the letters clearly with the vowels as marked, then this is sufficient.
The four rules are:
Idgham.
Ikhfa.
Iqlab.
Izhar.
The purpose of the Science of Tajweed in essence is to make the reciter proficient in reciting the Qur'an, observing the correct pronunciation of every letter with the rulings and characteristics which apply to each letter, without any exaggeration or deficiency.
Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam (774 - 838 CE) was the first to develop a recorded science for tajwid, giving the rules of tajwid names and putting it into writing in his book called al-Qiraat. He wrote about 25 reciters, including the 7 mutawatir reciters.
Most of the ِArabic letters exit from the tongue. There are eighteen letters which exit from the tongue which are ق ك ش ج ي ض ل ن ر ط د ت ص ز س ظ ذ ث. These letter are further divided into specific makharij which will help you understand wich part of the tongue help us pronounce each letter.
Learning to recite the Qur'an with Tajweed protects the reader from making mistakes in reciting the Qur'an, and thus attains the satisfaction of God Almighty. Learning Tajweed is an absolute necessity, for whoever does not apply Tajweed in the Qur'an is sinning.
There are different types of tajweed rules and they include Noon Sakinah and Tanween, Izhaar, Idghaam, Iqlaab, Ikhfaa, Noon and Meem Mushaddad, Meem Sakinah, Ikhfaa Shafawy, Idghaam Shafawy, and Al-Madd.
Do not confuse the letters in the first row with the similar sounding letters in the second row. These seven letters will always be read with a full mouth. Whenever Noon or Meem has a Tashdeed, make Ghunnah (a long nasal sound). letters appear then make idghaam (join the letters) and make ghunnah (a long nasal sound).
Mistakes in Tajweed
into two types: 1. Clear mistakes and ▪ 2. Unobvious (hidden) mistakes.
Madd Tajweed rules
The two main madd types are: Madd Asli/Tabi'y (Natural Madd) Madd Far'ee (Secondary Madd).
One of the best tips to learn Tajweed for beginners whose mother tongue is not Arabic is listening to Quran recitation with Tajweed as much as possible. Listen to the beautiful recitation again and again on TV, laptop, or mobile, so that you become familiar with the correct pronunciation.
There are three types of Shirk: 1. The Major shirks (Ash-Shirk al-Akbar) 2. Minor shirks (Ash-Shirk al-Asghar) and 3. Inconspicuous Shirk (Ash-Shirk al-Khafi).